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理查德·费曼 (1918-1988) 是我们这个时代最伟大的科学家和物理学家之一，是人类最伟大的思想家之一。
Curiosity
by Richard Feynman｜理查德·费曼
这个世界很奇怪。
整个宇宙都很奇怪，但当你观察细节时，你会发现游戏规则非常简单——机械规则，当情况简单时，你可以准确地计算出会发生什么。这就像一场国际象棋比赛。如果你在一个角落里，只有几个棋子，你可以准确地计算出会发生什么，当只有几个棋子时，你总是可以做到这一点。然而在真正的游戏中，棋子太多了，你无法弄清楚会发生什么——所以存在一种不同复杂性的层次结构。这很难相信。这太不可思议了！事实上，大多数人不相信，比如说，我的行为是许多原子都遵循非常简单的规则，进化成十亿年生命产生的这种生物的结果。
世界上有如此之多的事情。基本规则和最终现象之间的距离如此之大，以至于几乎令人难以置信的是，最终的多种现象竟然能够来自如此简单规则的稳定运作。
您是否必须搭建最复杂的脚手架才能找出简单的规则？
但这并不复杂。只是内容太多了。如果你从头开始，这是没人愿意做的——我的意思是，你现在来找我采访，问我最新的发现。从来没有人问过街上简单、普通的现象。那些颜色呢？我们可以进行一次愉快的采访，我可以解释所有关于颜色、蝴蝶翅膀以及所有重要的事情。但你不关心这些。你想要的是最终的大结果，这会很复杂，因为我已经掌握了一种非常有效的方法来了解世界，这种方法已有 400 年的历史了。
这与好奇心有关。这与人们想知道是什么让某物做某事有关。然后，如果你试图得到答案，你会发现它们是相互关联的——让风产生波浪的东西，水的运动就像空气的运动，就像沙子的运动。事实上，事物具有共同的特征。事实证明，它越来越具有普遍性。我们正在寻找的是一切事物如何运作。是什么让一切事物运转起来。
但好奇心在于我们在哪里，我们是什么。更令人兴奋的是，我们发现我们在一个球体上，一半身体倒挂着，在太空中旋转。这是一种神秘的力量，把我们托住。它绕着一大团气体旋转，而气体的燃料是一种与我们能制造的任何火都完全不同的火（但现在我们可以制造这种火——核火）。
对很多人来说，大爆炸比其他人过去编造的宇宙故事（比如我们生活在乌龟背上之类的故事）更令人兴奋。这些都是精彩的故事，但真相却更加惊人。所以，对我来说，物理学的乐趣在于它揭示了如此惊人、如此神奇的真相，我患有这种疾病——就像许多其他人一样，他们已经学习了足够多的知识，开始对事物的运作方式有所了解。他们对此着迷，这种着迷驱使他们不断前行，以至于他们能够说服政府等继续支持他们进行这项研究。
The world is strange. The whole universe is very strange, but you see when you look at the details that the rules of the game are very simple – the mechanical rules by which you can figure out exactly what is going to happen when the situation is simple. It is like a chess game. If you are in a corner with only a few pieces involved, you can work out exactly what is going to happen, and you can always do that when there are only a few pieces. And yet in the real game there are so many pieces that you can’t figure out what is going to happen – so there is a kind of hierarchy of different complexities. It is hard to believe. It is incredible! In fact, most people don’t believe that the behavior of, say, me is the result of lots and lots of atoms all obeying very simple rules and evolving into such a creature that a billion years of life has produced.
There is such a lot in the world. There is so much distance between the fundamental rules and the final phenomena that it is almost unbelievable that the final variety of phenomena can come from such a steady operation of such simple rules.
Do you have to build the most complex scaffolding to find out the simple rules?
But it is not complicated. It is just a lot of it. And if you start at the beginning, which nobody wants to do – I mean, you come in to me now for an interview, and you ask me about the latest discoveries that are made. Nobody ever asks about a simple, ordinary phenomenon in the street. What about those colors? We could have a nice interview, and I could explain all about the colors, butterfly wings, the whole big deal. But you don’t care about that. You want the big final result, and it is going to be complicated because I am at the end of 400 years of a very effective method of finding things out about the world.
It has to do with curiosity. It has to do with people wondering what makes something do something. And then to discover, if you try to get answers, that they are related to each other – that things that make the wind make the waves, that the motion of water is like the motion of air is like the motion of sand. The fact that things have common features. It turns out more and more universal. What we are looking for is how everything works. What makes everything work.
But it is curiosity as to where we are, what we are. It is very much more exciting to discover that we are on a ball, half of us sticking upside down and spinning around in space. It is a mysterious force which holds us on. It’s going around a great big glob of gas that is fed by a fire that is completely different from any fire that we can make (but now we can make that fire – nuclear fire.)
That [The Big Bang] is a much more exciting story to many people than the tales that other people used to make up about the universe – that we were living on the back of a turtle or something like that. They were wonderful stories, but the truth is so much more remarkable. So what’s the pleasure in physics for me is that it is revealed that the truth is so remarkable, so amazing, and I have this disease – like many other people who have studied far enough to begin to understand a little of how things work. They are fascinated by it, and this fascination drives them on to such an extent that they have been able to convince governments and so on to keep supporting them in this investigation.
Quotes｜理查德费曼名言
“你可以用世界上所有的语言知道这只鸟的名字，但当你学完后，你对这只鸟就一无所知了。你只会知道不同地方的人类，以及他们如何称呼这只鸟……我很早就知道知道某物的名字和知道某物之间的区别。”
“我认为，生活在未知中比得到可能错误的答案更有趣。我对不同的事情有大致的答案和可能的信念以及不同程度的不确定性，但我对任何事情都不是绝对确定的，而且有很多事情我一无所知，比如问我们为什么在这里是否有意义。我不需要知道答案。”
“我认为，对于第一课来说，学习一种神秘的回答问题的公式是非常糟糕的。”
“在这个专业化时代，精通某一领域的人往往无力讨论另一个领域。因此，人类活动各个方面之间的关系这一重大问题在公开场合讨论得越来越少。”
“在我看来，这个奇妙无比的宇宙、这个浩瀚的时空、各种动物、各种不同的星球、各种原子及其运动等等，所有这些复杂的东西，都不可能仅仅是一个舞台，让上帝观看人类为善与恶而斗争——这是宗教的观点。舞台太大了，不适合上演戏剧。”
“有价值的问题是你真正能够解决或帮助解决的问题，是那些你真正能够做出贡献的问题……如果我们能够真正做些什么，那么没有什么问题会太小或太琐碎。”
“我注意到，伪科学普遍缺乏一个特点……那就是一种科学的完整性，一种与一种彻底的诚实相对应的科学思想原则——一种不遗余力。”
“我不喜欢荣誉……我已经获得了奖品：奖品是发现事物的乐趣、发现的刺激、以及观察其他人使用它。这些才是真正的奖品。”
“在我熟悉的科学领域，要想真正取得成功，唯一的办法就是非常仔细地描述证据，而不必考虑你认为它应该是什么样子。如果你有一个理论，你必须努力平等地解释它的优点和缺点。在科学领域，你会学到一种标准的正直和诚实。”
“You can know the name of that bird in all the languages of the world, but when you’re finished, you’ll know absolutely nothing whatever about the bird. You’ll only know about humans in different places, and what they call the bird… I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something.”
“I think it’s much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers which might be wrong. I have approximate answers and possible beliefs and different degrees of uncertainty about different things, but I am not absolutely sure of anything and there are many things I don’t know anything about, such as whether it means anything to ask why we’re here. I don’t have to know an answer.”
“I think for lesson number one, to learn a mystic formula for answering questions is very bad.”
“In this age of specialization men who thoroughly know one field are often incompetent to discuss another. The great problems of the relations between one and another aspect of human activity have for this reason been discussed less and less in public.”
“It doesn’t seem to me that this fantastically marvelous universe, this tremendous range of time and space and different kinds of animals, and all the different planets, and all these atoms with all their motions, and so on, all this complicated thing can merely be a stage so that God can watch human beings struggle for good and evil — which is the view that religion has. The stage is too big for the drama.”
“The worthwhile problems are the ones you can really solve or help solve, the ones you can really contribute something to… No problem is too small or too trivial if we can really do something about it.”
“There is one feature I notice that is generally missing in cargo cult science [pseudoscience]… It’s a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty — a kind of leaning over backwards.”
“I don’t like honors…I’ve already got the prize: the prize is the pleasure of finding the thing out, the kick in the discovery, the observation that other people use it. Those are the real things.”
“The only way to have real success in science, the field I’m familiar with, is to describe the evidence very carefully without regard to the way you feel it should be. If you have a theory, you must try to explain what’s good and what’s bad about it equally. In science, you learn a kind of standard integrity and honesty.”
